Terra Preta - Publications Established: 11.04.00
Last update: 12.04.00

 
Anonymous, 1994. Environmental and Social Implications of Pre- and Postcontact Situations on Brazilian Indians: The Kayapó and a New Amazonian Synthesis. In: Roosevelt A C (Editor), Amazonian Indians from Prehistory to the Present: Anthropological Perspectives, University of Arizona Press, Tuscon, pp. 271-286.

Baier T, 1996. Menschliche Spuren im Urwald: Neues über die Herkunft der amerikanischen Indianer. Süddeutsche Zeitung(101).

Balée W, 1989. The Culture of Amazonian Forests. In: Posey D A and Balée W (Editors), Resource Management in Amazonia: Folk and Indigenous Strategies. Advances in Economic Botany No. 7, New York Botanical Garden, New York, pp. 1-21.

Balée W, 1995. Historical Ecology in Amazonia. In: Sponsel L E (Editor), Indigenous Peopes and the Future of Amazonia: An Ecological Anthropology of an Endangered World, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. 97-110.

Barbosa de Farias João, 1944. A cerâmica da tribo Uaboí dos rios Trombetas e Jamundá - Contribuição para o estudo da arqueologia pré-histórica do Baixo Amazonas . In: Conselho Nacional de Geografia (Editor), 9° Congresso Brasileiro de Geografia 1940, Anais III , Rio de Janeiro, pp. 141-165.

Bechtold G, 1982. Terra Preta do Indio: Anorganisch-chemische Kennzeichnung eines brasilianischen Anthrohumoxes, Diplomarbeit Universität Bayreuth, Deutschland, Bayreuth, p. 421 pp.

Beckerman S, 1983. Does the swidden ape the jungle ?. Human Ecology, 11: 1-12.

Bethell P H, Evershed R P, Reynolds P J and Walsh P J, 1996. Journal of Archaeological Science: 23.

Blackmore A C, Mentis M T and Scholes R J, 1990. The origin and extent of nutrient-enriched patches within a nutrient-poor savanna in South Africa. Journal of Biogeography, 17: 463-470.

Burton J H, 1996. Trace elemtents in bone as paleodietary indicators. In: Orna M V (Editor), ACS Symposium Series 625, Archaeological Chemistry, Organic, Inorganic, and Biochemical Analysis, Washington, DC, pp. 327-333.

Carneiro R L, 1983. The cultivation of manioc among the Kuikuru indians of the upper Xingu. In: Hames R B and Vickers W T (Editors), Adaptive Responses of Native Amazonians, Academic Press, New York, pp. 65-111.

Carvajal G de, 1934. Discovera of the Orellana River. In: Heaton H D (Editor), The Discovery of the Amazon According to the Account of Friar Gaspar de Carvajal and other Documents with an Introduction by José Toribio Medina, American Geographical Society Publication No 17, New York, pp. 167-242.

Chernela J M, 1994. Tukanoan Fishing. National Geographic Research & Exploration, 10: 440-457.

Colin T, 1999. Pre-Indian caucasoids in America. http://home.earthlink.net/~theedrich/Kennewic.htm.

Commission of the European Community, 1991. Sustainable Land Use Systems and Human Living Conditions in the Amazon Region. In: Jaenicke H and Flynn P (Editors), Proceedings of a meeting of European scientists , Commission of the European Communities, Bonn, Germany.

Conry M J, 1974. Plaggen soils, a review of man-made raised soils. Soils and Fertilizers, 37: 319-326.

Cook S and Treganza A, 1950. The Quantitative Investigation of Indian Mounds with Special Reference to the Relation of the Physical Components to the Probable Material Culture. University of California Publications in American Archaelogy and Ethnology, 40: 223-262.

DeBoer W R, Kintigh K and Rostoker A, 1996. Ceramic Seriation and Settlement Reoccupation in Lowland South America. Latin American Antiquity, 7: 263-278.

Denevan W, 1976. The aboriginal population of Amazonia. In: Denevan W (Editor), The Native Population of the Americas in 1492, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, pp. 205-234.

Denevan W M, 1992. Stone vs metal axes: The ambiguity of shifting cultivation in prehistoric Amazonia. Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society, 20: 153-165.

Denevan W M, 1996. A bluff model of riverine settlement in prehistoric Amazonia. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 86 (4): 654-681.

Denevan W M, 1998. Comments on prehistoric agriculture in Amazonia. Culture & Agriculture, 20: 54-59.

Duxbury J M, Smith M S and Doran J W, 1989. Soil organic matter as a source and sink of plant nutrients. In: Coleman D C, Oades J M and Uehara G (Editors), Dynamics of Soil Organic Matter in Tropical Ecosystems, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 33-67.

Eden M J, Bray W, Herrera L and McEwan C, 1984. Terra Preta soils and their archaeological context in the caqueta basin of southeast Colombia. American Antiquity, 49: 125-140.

Fearnside P M, 1997. Greenhouse gases from deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia: net committed emissions. Clim Change, 35: 321-360.

Franco E, 1962. As "Terras Pretas" do Planalto de Santarém. Rev Soc dos Agrônomos e Veterinários do Para, 8: 17-21.

Glaser B, Balashov E, Haumaier L, Guggenberger G and Zech W, 2000. Black carbon in density fractions of anthropogenic soils of the Brazilaian Amazon region. Organic Geochemistry: in press.

Glaser B, Balashov E, Haumaier L, Guggenberger G and Zech W, 2000a. Black carbon in density fractions of anthropogenic soils of the Brazilian Amazon region. Organic Geochemistry, im Druck. . Organic Geochemistry: in press.

Glaser B, Guggenberger G, Haumaier L and Zech W, 2000b. Persistence of soil organic matter in archaeological soils (Terra Preta) of the Brazilian Amazon region, Buchbeitrag, p. in press.

Hartmann Günther. Amazonien im Umbruch.

Heckenberger M J, 1996.
War and Peace in the Shadow of Empire: Sociopolitical Change in the Upper Xingu of Southeastern Amazonia, A. D. 1400 - 2000. In: University of Pittsburgh (Editor), p. 481 pp.

Heckenberger M J, Petersen J B and Neves E G, 1999. Village size and permanence in Amazonia: Two archaeological examples from Brazil. Latin American Antiquity, 10.

Herrera L F, Cavelier L, Rodriguesz C and Mora S, 1992. The technical transformation of an agricultrual system in the Colombian Amazon. World Archaeology, 24: 98-113.

Hilbert P, 1968. Archäologische Untersuchungen am mittleren Amazonas, Marburger Studien zur Völkerkunde, Vol. 1, Berlin.

Hoopes J W, 1996. In search of nature: Imagining the Precolumbian landscapes of ancient central America. http://www.cc.ukans.edu/~hoopes/nature.html.

Kern D C and Kämpf N, 1989. Antigos assentamentos indigenas na formacao de solos com Terra Preta arqueologica na regiao de oriximina, Para. R bras Ci Solo, 13: 219-225.

Ludwig B, Khanna P K, Hölscher D and Anarugsa B, 1999. Modelling changes in cations in the topsoil of an Amazonian Acrisol in response to additions of wood ash. European Journal of Soil Science, 50: 717-726.

Macphail R I, 1983. The Micromorphology of Dark Earth from Gloucester, London and Norwich: An Analysis of Urban Anthropogenic Deposits from the Late Roman to Early Medieval Periods in England. In: Bullock P and Murphy C P (Editors), Soil Micromorphology Vol1: Techniques and Applications, AB Academic Publishers, pp. 245-253.

Macvicar C N, Fitzpatrick R W and Sobczyk M E, 1984. Highly wathered soils in the east coast hinterland of Southern Africa with thick, humus-rich A1 horizons. Journal of Soil Science, 35: 103-115.

Marbut C F and Manifold C B, 1926. The soils of the Amazon basin in relation to agricultural possibilities. The Geographical Review, 16: 414-442.

Marcus J, 1994. The Amazon: divergent evolution and divergent views. National Geographic Research & Exploration, 10: 384-397.

McCann J M, 1999b. Before 1492. The making of the pre-Columbian landscape. Part I: The environment. Ecological Restoration, 17: 15-30.

McCann J M, Woods W I and Meyer D W, 2000. Organic matter and anthrosols in Amazonia: Interpreting the Amerindian Legacy, Proceedings of the BSSS Conference on Sustainable Management of Soil Organic Matter, 12 - 15 September 1999, Edinburgh, UK, p. in press.

Meggers B J, 1994. Pre-Columbian Amazonia. National Geographic Research and Explorer, 10: 398-421.

Meggers B J, 1997. Review of Amazonian Indians from Prehistory to the Present. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 2: 194-196.

Moran E F, Brondizio E and Mausel P, 1994.
Secondary succession. National Geographic Research & Exploration, 10: 458-476.

Müller W, 1995. Die Indianer Amazoniens: Völker und Kulturen im Regenwald, Beck, München, pp. 68-72.

Myers T P, 1992. Agricultrual limitations of the Amazon in theory and practice. World Arachaeology, 24: 82-97.

Otzen H, 1992. Amerika vor seiner Entdeckung, ElDorado am Amazonas: Geschichte und Gegenwart einer bedrohten Region, Societäts-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, pp. 31-69.

Pabst E, 1985. Terra Preta do Indio - Chemische Kennzeichnung und ökologische Bedeutung einer brasilianischen Indianerschwarzerde. Diploma thesis University of Bayreuth, Germany.

Pape J C, 1970. Plaggen soils in the Netherlands. Geoderma, 4: 229-256.

Pendleton R L, 1943. Land use in northeastern Thailand. Geographical Review, 33: 15-41.

Posey D A. Manejo da Floresta Secundária, Capoeiras, Campos e Cerrados (Kayapó). In: Ribeiro D (Editor), Suma Etnológica Brasileira - Handbook of South American Indians, 2nd Ed., Vol. 1, Financiadora de Estudio e Projetos (FINEP).

Posey D A and Balée W, 1989. Resource Management in Amazonia: Folk and Indigenous Strategies, Advances in Economic Botany No. 7, New York Botanical Garden, New York.

Ranzani G, Kinjo T and Freire O, 1962. Ocorrência de "Plaggen Epipedon" no Brasil. Bo Tecn Cient da Esc Sup da Agric "Luiz de Queirzo" USP Piracicaba
, 5: 1-11.

Reading A J, Tompson R D and Millington A C, 1995. Humid tropical environments.

Redmond E M and Spencer C S, 1994. Pre-Columbian chiefdoms. National Geographic Research & Exploration, 10: 422-439.

Saldarriaga J G, West D C, Tharp M L and Uhl C, 1988. Long-term chronosequence of forest succession in the upper Rio Negro of Colombia and Venezuela. Journal of Ecology, 76: 938-958.

Salgado V L, 1971. Os Solos do estado do Para, cadernos Paraenses, Vol. 8, pp. 21-34.

Salgado V L, 1975. Os Solos da Amazonia, Manual da ciencia do solo, Sao Paulo, pp. 381-391.

Sanford R L, Saldarriaga J, Clark K E, Uhl C and Herrera R, 1985. Amazon Rain Forest Fires. Science, 227: 553-555.

Simpson I A and Barrett J H, 1996. Interpretation of midden formation processes at Robert´s Haven, Caithness, Scotland using thin section micromorphology. Journal of Archaeological Science, 23: 543-556.

Smith N J H, 1980. Anthrosols and human carrying capacity in Amazonia. Annals of the Association of American Geography, 70: 553-566.

Sombroek W G, 1966. Amazon Soils. A reconnaissance of the Soils of the Brazilian Amazon region. In: Centre for Agricultural Publications and Documentations (Editor), Dissertation, Vol. 672, Onderzoekingen Verslagen van Landvouwkundige , Wageningen, pp. 12-25; 50 - 57; 120 - 125; 158 - 169; 174 - 191; 220 - 283.

Sombroek W G, Nachtergaele F O and Hebel A, 1993. Amounts, dynamics and sequestering of carbon in tropical and subtropical soils. Ambio, 22: 417-426.

Vásquez de Espinosa A, 1948. Compendio y Descripción de las Indias Occidentales, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Washington.

Whitmore T C, 1993. Tropische Regenwälder. Eine Einführung, Spectrum Academischer Verlage, Heidelberg.

Woods W I, 1995. Comments on the black earths of Amazonia. In: Schoolmaster F A (Editor), Papers and Proceedings of Applied Geography Conferences, Arlington, irginia.

Woods W I and Mann C C, 2000a. Earthmovers of the Amazon. Science, 287: 786-789.

Woods W I and Mann C C, 2000b. The good earth: Did people improve the Amazon basin?. Science, 287: 788.

Woods W I and McCann J M, 1999a. The anthropogenic origin and persistence of Amazonian dark earths. The Yearbook of the Conference of Latin American Geographers, 25: 7-14.

Woods W I, Meyer D W and McCann J M, 2000. Black Earth Analysis: A Call for Cooperation, Proceedings of the CLAG 2000 Conference, 6 January 2000, Austin, Texas.

Woods W I, Wells C L and Meyer D W, 1996. Cautions on the use of soil data for prehistoric reconstructions: A Belize example. In: Schoolmaster A F and Harringgton J A (Editors), Papers and Proceedings of the Applied Geography Conferences, Applied Geography Conferences, Inc., Kansas City, Missouri, pp. 209-217.

Wüst I and Barreto C, 1999. The ring villages of central Brazil: A challenge for Amazonian archaeology. Latin American Antiquity, 10: 3-23.

Zech W, 1986. CPMAS-13C-NMR Spektren von Oxisol und Terra Preta Humus. Mitt Dt Bodenkundl Ges, 45: 167-172.

Zech W, Haumaier L and Hempfling R, 1990. Ecological aspects of soil organic matter in tropical land use. In: McCarthy P, Clapp C E, Malcolm R L and Bloom P R (Editors), Humic Substances in Soil and Crop Sciences. Selected Readings, American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison Wisconsin, USA, pp. 187-202.

Zech W, Pabst E and Bechtold G, 1979. Analytische Kennzeichnung der Terra preta do indio. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, 29: 709-716.

Zimmermann J, 1958. Studien zur Anthropogeographie Amazoniens, Bonner Geographische Abhandlungen, Vol. 21.

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